Before using the factory below, learn the ingredients! Building a verb is exactly like cooking a meal.
1. Dhātu (The Root)
The raw, uncooked ingredient (e.g., paṭh). You cannot use it in a sentence yet.
2. Gaṇa (The Recipe)
The 10 Groups. They act as the recipe book, telling us exactly how this specific root must be prepared.
3. Vikaraṇa (The Oil/Glue)
The base (like 'a' or 'ya') added to the root so the final spices will stick to it properly.
4. Padam (The Customer)
Who is eating? PP = Cooking for another (Active). AP = Cooking for yourself (Reflexive).
5. Pratyaya (The Spices)
The final ending (e.g., ti, te). It adds the specific flavor of "Who" (He/You/I) and "When" (Tense).
6. Kriyāpada (Finished Dish)
The fully "cooked" verb (e.g., paṭhati). It is now ready to be served on the table (your sentence)!
Prakriyā Yantram
The Verb Factory: Step-by-step derivation of a finished word.
Station 1 PP / AP / UP Scanner
Station 2
अ (a) 1 | य (ya) 4
अ (a) 6 | अय (aya) 10
Station 3 Verb Suffixes
पठ्
paṭh
Live Mathematical Derivation
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Awaiting raw root... Click 'Run Factory' to load.
The Secret of Sanskrit Verbs (Tiganta)
In English, we memorize verbs randomly: Go, Went, Gone. In Sanskrit, you do not memorize verbs; you build them using a mathematical formula established by the ancient grammarian Pāṇini. Once you understand the three stations of the "Assembly Line," you can construct thousands of words!
Every raw root has a built-in nature. It either acts for others (Parasmaipada / PP) or acts for oneself (Ātmanepada / AP). Some special roots can do both (Ubhayapada). This determines what kind of final ending it will receive at Station 3.
Station 2: The Gaṇa Dispenser (The 10 Groups)
Pāṇini sorted all 2,000 verb roots into 10 Gaṇas (Groups). Why? Because each group requires a different specific "glue" (called a Vikaraṇa Pratyaya) to connect the raw root to its final ending safely. In this beginner course, we focus on the four most common groups:
Finally, we attach the ending that tells us Who is doing the action (He, You, or I) and When. If the root was scanned as PP in Station 1, it gets the ति (ti) ending. If it was scanned as AP, it gets the ते (te) ending!
