संक्षिप्त-धातु-कोषः (Simplified Dhatu Kosha)

This table provides a simplified overview of Sanskrit verbal roots (धातु dhātu), their classifications (गण gaṇa and पद pada), primary meanings, their present tense (लट् लकारः) 3rd person singular forms, and their past passive participles (क्त-प्रत्ययः), along with a brief explanation for each.

धातुः (Root)	गणः & पदम् (Gana & Pada)	अर्थः (Meaning)	लट् लकारः (Present Tense, 3rd Sing.)	क्त-प्रत्ययः (Past Participle)	विवरणम् (Explanation)
अर्च् arc	10U / 10A	To worship, to honor	अर्चयति / अर्चयते arcayati / arcayate	अर्चित arcita	This root is commonly used to express an act of reverence or devotion towards deities or elders. It takes both Parasmaipada and Atmanepada endings.
अर्थ् arth	10A	To request, to pray	अर्थयते arthayate	अर्थित arthita	Indicates seeking something earnestly, often used in the context of making a request or prayer.
अर्ह् arh	1P	To deserve, to be worthy	अर्हति arhati	अर्हित arhita	Used to express worthiness or entitlement to something, often respect or reward.
अश् aś	5A	To reach, to get, to obtain	अश्नुते aśnute	अशित aśita	Signifies achieving or gaining something.
अश् aś	9P	To eat	अश्नाति aśnāti	अशित aśita	A common verb for consuming food. Note its presence in both 5A and 9P gaṇas with different conjugations.
अस् as	2P	To be, to exist	अस्ति asti	भूत bhūta	A fundamental verb expressing existence. Note its unique past participle form.
अस् as	4P	To throw	अस्यति asyati	अस्त asta	Used for the action of throwing or casting. Also a 2nd gaṇa root with different meaning in some contexts.
आप् āp	5P	To get, to obtain, to pervade	आप्नोति āpnoti	आप्त āpta	Signifies achieving, reaching, or becoming full of something.
आस् ās	2A	To sit	आस्ते āste	आसित āsita	A common verb for the action of sitting.
इ i	2P	To go	एति eti	इत ita	A simple root for movement, often combined with prefixes.
इष् iṣ	6P	To want, to desire	इच्छति icchati	इष्ट iṣṭa	This root undergoes a stem change to icch in the present tense.
ईक्ष् īkṣ	1A	To see, to look	ईक्षते īkṣate	ईक्षित īkṣita	Common verb for visual perception.
ईश् īś	2A	To rule, to be able	ईष्टे īṣṭe	ईशित īśita	Often used in the sense of being a master or having power.
ऋ ṛ	1P	To go, to reach	ऋच्छति ṛcchati	ऋत ṛta	Signifies movement or attainment.
ऋध् ṛdh	5P	To thrive, to prosper	ऋध्नोति ṛdhnoti	ऋद्ध ṛddha	Indicates growth, success, or increase.
कथ् kath	10U	To tell, to narrate	कथयति / कथयते kathayati / kathayate	कथित kathita	A very common verb for speaking or recounting a story. It is ubhāyapada.
कम् kam	10A	To love, to desire	कामयते kāmayate	कान्त kānta	Expresses longing or affection.
कम्प् kamp	1A	To shake, to tremble	कम्पते kampate	कम्पित kampita	Describes a vibrating or trembling motion.
कांक्ष् kāṅkṣ	1P	To desire, to wish for	कांक्षति kāṅkṣati	कांक्षित kāṅkṣita	Similar to kam in meaning, focusing on earnest wishing.
काश् kāś	1A, 4A	To shine, to appear	काशते / काश्यते kāśate / kāśyate	काशित kāśita	Signifies emitting light or becoming visible.
कुप् kup	4P	To get angry	कुप्यति kupyati	कुपित kupita	A common root to express the emotion of anger.
कुप् (कल्प) kup (kalpa)	1A	To be fit, able	कल्पते kalpate	कुप्त kupta	Used for suitability, ability, or to be prepared. (The PDF lists 'कुप्' but derives from 'कल्प').
कृ kṛ	8U	To do, to make, to perform	करोति / कुरुते karoti / kurute	कृत kṛta	One of the most fundamental and frequently used verbs in Sanskrit. It is ubhayapada.
कृष् kṛṣ	1P / 6P	To pull, to plough, to drag	कर्षति / कृषति karṣati / kṛṣati	कृष्ट kṛṣṭa	Used for drawing, pulling, or tilling the land.
क्रीड् krīḍ	1P	To play	क्रीडति krīḍati	क्रीडित krīḍita	A straightforward verb for engaging in play or sport.
क्रम् kram	1U	To walk, to step	क्रामति / क्रमते krāmati / kramate	क्रान्त krānta	Signifies movement by stepping or walking. It is ubhayapada.
क्लिश् kliś	4A	To be afflicted, to suffer	क्लिश्ते kliśyate	क्लिष्ट kliṣṭa	Expresses enduring hardship or distress.
क्षम् kṣam	1A, 4P	To endure, to be patient, to forgive	क्षमते / क्षाम्यति kṣamate / kṣāmyati	क्षान्त kṣānta	Relates to patience and forgiveness. It can be Atmanepada or Parasmaipada.
क्षि kṣi	1P, 5P	To decay, to destroy	क्षयति / क्षीणोति kṣayati / kṣīṇoti	क्षीण kṣīṇa	Signifies depletion, destruction, or wasting away.
क्षिप् kṣip	6U	To throw, to cast	क्षिपति / क्षिपते kṣipati / kṣipate	क्षिप्त kṣipta	A common verb for throwing or casting something. It is ubhayapada.
खण्ड् khaṇḍ	10P	To break, to divide	खण्डयति khaṇḍayati	खण्डित khaṇḍita	Used for breaking into pieces or dividing.
गण् gaṇ	10U	To count, to reckon	गणयति / गणयते gaṇayati / gaṇayate	गणित gaṇita	Relates to calculation or enumeration. It is ubhayapada.
गम् gam	1P	To go, to move	गच्छति gacchati	गत gata	One of the most common verbs of motion, with a stem change to gacch.
गुप् gup	1P	To protect, to conceal	गोपायति gopāyati	गुप्त gupta	Used for guarding or keeping secret.
गुह् guh	1U	To hide, to conceal	गूहति / गूहते gūhati / gūhate	गूढ gūḍha	Describes the action of putting something out of sight. It is ubhayapada.
गै gai	1P	To sing	गायति gāyati	गीत gīta	A common verb for vocal musical performance.
ग्रह् grah	9U	To seize, to grasp, to accept	गृह्णाति / गृह्णीते gṛhṇāti / gṛhṇīte	गृहीत gṛhīta	Signifies taking hold of something, literally or figuratively. It is ubhayapada.
घ्रा ghrā	1P	To smell	जिघ्रति jighrati	घ्राण ghrāṇa	This root has a reduplicated stem in the present tense (jighra).
छद् chad	10U	To cover	छादयति / छादयते chādayati / chādayate	छादित / छन्न chādita / channa	Used for putting a cover over something. It is ubhayapada.
छिद् chid	7U	To cut, to split	छिनत्ति / छिन्ते chinatti / chinte	छिन्न chinna	A common verb for dividing or severing. It is ubhayapada.
जन् jan	4A	To be born, to arise	जायते jāyate	जात jāta	A very frequent verb for birth or coming into existence.
जि ji	1P	To conquer, to win	जयति jayati	जित jita	Used for victory or overcoming.
जीव् jīv	1P	To live, to survive	जीवति jīvati	जीवित jīvita	A basic verb for the act of living.
जु ju	1P, 4P	To grow old, to decay	जरति / जीर्यति jarati / jīryati	जीर्ण jīrṇa	Signifies aging or wearing out.
ज्ञा jñā	9U	To know, to understand	जानाति / जानीते jānāti / jānīte	ज्ञात jñāta	A fundamental verb for knowledge or cognition. It is ubhayapada.
ज्वल् jval	1P	To blaze, to burn, to shine	ज्वलति jvalati	ज्वलित jvalita	Describes something burning or glowing.
तन् tan	8U	To stretch, to extend, to spread	तनोति / तनुते tanoti / tanute	तत tata	Implies extending or spreading something. It is ubhayapada.
तप् tap	1P	To heat, to burn, to perform austerity	तपति tapati	तप्त tapta	Used for heating, burning, or the spiritual practice of tapas.
तुल् tul	10U	To weigh, to compare	तोलयति / तोलयते tolayati / tolayate	तोलित tolita	Signifies balancing or making a comparison. It is ubhayapada.
तुष् tuṣ	4P	To be content, to be satisfied	तुष्यति tuṣyati	तुष्ट tuṣṭa	Expresses feelings of contentment or satisfaction.
तृप् tṛp	4P, 5P	To be satisfied, to be pleased	तृप्यति / तृप्नोति tṛpyati / tṛpnoti	तृप्त tṛpta	Similar to tuṣ, but can also imply satiation (e.g., with food).
तृ tṛ	1P	To cross, to overcome	तरति tarati	तीर्ण tīrṇa	Used for traversing a river or overcoming an obstacle.
त्यज् tyaj	1P	To abandon, to leave, to sacrifice	त्यजति tyajati	त्यक्त tyakta	A common verb for forsaking or giving up.
दंश् daṁś	1P	To bite	दशति daśati	दष्ट daṣṭa	Used for the action of biting.
दण्ड् daṇḍ	10U	To punish	दण्डयति / दण्डयते daṇḍayati / daṇḍayate	दण्डित daṇḍita	Relates to imposing a penalty. It is ubhayapada.
दम् dam	4P	To control, to tame	दाम्यति dāmyati	दान्त dānta	Signifies self-control or subjugation.
दह् dah	1P	To burn, to consume by fire	दहति dahati	दग्ध dagdha	A common verb for combustion or cremation.
दा dā	1P	To give, to grant	यच्छति yacchati	दत्त datta	This root has a stem change to yacch in the present tense.
दा dā	3U	To give, to place	ददाति / दत्ते dadāti / datte	दत्त datta	Another form of the root 'to give', with reduplication in the present tense. It is ubhayapada.
दिश् diś	6U	To point, to show, to direct	दिशति / दिशते diśati / diśate	दिष्ट diṣṭa	Used for indicating direction or giving instructions. It is ubhayapada.
दीप् dīp	4A	To shine, to be bright	दीप्यते dīpyate	दीप्त dīpta	Describes emitting light or being luminous.
दुष् duṣ	4P	To be spoiled, to become corrupt	दुष्यति duṣyati	दुष्ट duṣṭa	Signifies becoming impure or corrupt.
दृश् dṛś	1P	To see, to behold	पश्यति paśyati	दृष्ट dṛṣṭa	A very common verb for seeing, with a stem change to paśy.
द्रु dru	1P	To melt, to run, to flow	द्रवति dravati	द्रुत druta	Describes liquids flowing or solid melting.
द्विष् dviṣ	2U	To hate, to dislike	द्वेष्टि / द्विष्टे dveṣṭi / dviṣṭe	द्विष्ट dviṣṭa	Expresses strong aversion. It is ubhayapada.
धा dhā	3U	To place, to put, to hold	दधाति / धत्ते dadhāti / dhatte	हित hita	A reduplicated root, meaning to establish or sustain. It is ubhayapada.
धृ dhṛ	10U	To hold, to bear, to support	धारयति / धारयते dhārayati / dhārayate	धृत dhṛta	Signifies sustaining or maintaining something. It is ubhayapada.
ध्यै dhyai	1P	To think, to meditate	ध्यायति dhyāyati	ध्यात dhyāta	A common verb for contemplation or meditation.
नन्द् nand	1P	To rejoice, to be happy	नन्दति nandati	नन्दित nandita	Expresses joy or delight.
नम् nam	1P	To bow, to bend, to salute	नमति namati	नत nata	A fundamental verb for showing respect or bending down.
नश् naś	4P	To perish, to be destroyed	नश्यति naśyati	नष्ट naṣṭa	Signifies destruction or loss.
निन्द् nind	1P	To blame, to censure	निन्दति nindati	निन्दित nindita	Expresses criticism or disapproval.
नी nī	1U	To lead, to carry, to guide	नयति / नयते nayati / nayate	नीत nīta	A common verb for directing or bringing something. It is ubhayapada.
नृत् nṛt	4P	To dance	नृत्यति nṛtyati	नृत्त nṛtta	A straightforward verb for the act of dancing.
पच् pac	1U	To cook, to ripen, to digest	पचति / पचते pacati / pacate	पक्क pakka	A very common verb related to cooking and processes of maturation. It is ubhayapada.
पठ् paṭh	1P	To read, to recite, to study	पठति paṭhati	पठित paṭhita	A fundamental verb for learning or engaging with text.
पत् pat	1P	To fall, to descend, to fly	पतति patati	पतित patita	Used for motion downwards or through the air.
पद् pad	4A	To go, to attain, to fall	पद्यते padyate	पन्न panna	Signifies movement towards a goal or falling.
पा pā	1P	To drink	पिबति pibati	पीत pīta	This root has a stem change to pib in the present tense.
पाल् pāl	10P	To protect, to nourish, to govern	पालयति pālayati	पालित pālita	A common verb for protection or rulership.
पीड् pīḍ	10U	To afflict, to oppress, to torment	पीडयति / पीडयते pīḍayati / pīḍayate	पीडित pīḍita	Describes causing distress or pain. It is ubhayapada.
पुष् puṣ	4P	To nourish, to flourish, to thrive	पुष्यति puṣyati	पुष्ट puṣṭa	Used for fostering growth or development.
पुष् puṣ	9P	To nourish, to strengthen	पुष्णाति puṣṇāti	पुष्ट puṣṭa	Another form of 'to nourish', specifically indicating reinforcement.
पू pū	9U	To purify, to cleanse	पूनाति / पूनीते pūnāti / pūnīte	पूत pūta	Refers to the act of making something pure. It is ubhayapada.
पूज् pūj	10U	To worship, to honor, to revere	पूजयति / पूजयते pūjayati / pūjayate	पूजित pūjita	A very common verb for performing worship. It is ubhayapada.
पृ pṛ	9P	To fill, to complete	पृणाति pṛṇāti	पूर्ण pūrṇa	Signifies making something full or finishing it.
प्रच्छ् pracch	6P	To ask, to inquire	पृच्छति pṛcchati	पृष्ट pṛṣṭa	A frequent verb for asking questions. Has a stem change to pṛcch.
प्री prī	9U	To please, to gladden	प्रीणाति / प्रीणीते prīṇāti / prīṇīte	प्रीत prīta	Used for making someone happy or satisfied. It is ubhayapada.
प्लु plu	1A	To float, to swim	पुवते plavate	प्लुत pluta	Describes an object moving on water or through the air (floating).
बन्ध् bandh	9P	To bind, to tie	बध्नाति badhnāti	बद्ध baddha	A common verb for fastening or imprisoning.
बाध् bādh	1A	To obstruct, to hinder, to torment	बाधते bādhate	बाधित bādhita	Used for causing difficulty or harassment.
बुध् budh	1U, 4A	To know, to understand, to awaken	बोधति / बुध्यते bodhati / budhyate	बुद्ध buddha	A significant root related to knowledge and enlightenment. It is ubhayapada.
भक्ष् bhakṣ	10U	To eat, to consume	भक्षयति / भक्षयते bhakṣayati / bhakṣayate	भक्षित bhakṣita	A common verb for eating or devouring. It is ubhayapada.
भज् bhaj	1A	To divide, to adore, to share	भजते bhajate	भक्त bhakta	Relates to worship, sharing, or partitioning.
भञ्ज् bhañj	7P	To break, to shatter	भनक्ति bhanakti	भग्न bhagna	Used for forcefully breaking something.
भा bhā	2P	To shine, to appear	भाति bhāti	भात bhāta	Describes emitting light or becoming evident.
भाष् bhāṣ	1A	To speak, to converse	भाषते bhāṣate	भाषित bhāṣita	A common verb for engaging in speech.
भास् bhās	1A	To shine, to be splendid	भासते bhāsate	भासित bhāsita	Similar to bhā, emphasizes radiance.
भिद् bhid	7U	To split, to break, to pierce	भिनत्ति / भिन्ते bhinatti / bhinte	भिन्न bhinna	Used for dividing or penetrating. It is ubhayapada.
भी bhī	3P	To fear, to be afraid	बिभेति bibheti	भीत bhīta	A reduplicated root expressing fear.
भुज् bhuj	7U	To enjoy, to eat, to protect	भुनक्ति / भुङ्क्ते bhunakti / bhuṅkte	भुक्त bhukta	A versatile root with meanings related to enjoyment, consumption, and even protection. It is ubhayapada.
भू bhū	1P	To be, to become, to exist	भवति bhavati	भूत bhūta	The most common verb for existence or happening.
भृ bhṛ	3U	To support, to bear, to nourish	बिभर्ति / बिभृते bibharti / bibhṛte	भृत bhṛta	A reduplicated root for carrying or maintaining. It is ubhayapada.
भ्रम् bhram	1P, 4P	To wander, to roam, to err	भ्रमति / भ्राम्यति bhramati / bhrāmyati	भ्रान्त bhrānta	Used for roaming aimlessly or making mistakes.
मद् mad	4P	To rejoice, to be intoxicated, to be proud	माद्यति mādyati	मत्त matta	Expresses states of exhilaration, intoxication, or arrogance.
मन् man	4A, 8A	To think, to believe, to understand	मन्यते / मनुते manyate / manute	मत mata	A crucial root for cognition and opinion. It is ubhayapada.
मन्थ् manth	1P, 9P	To churn, to agitate	मन्थति / मथ्नाति manthati / mathnāti	मथित mathita	Used for stirring vigorously, as in churning butter.
मा mā	2P, 4A	To measure, to build, to compare	माति / मीयते māti / mīyate	मित mita	Relates to quantification or construction.
मार्ग् mārg	10U	To seek, to search, to investigate	मार्गयति / मार्गयते mārgayati / mārgayate	मार्गित mārgita	A common verb for searching or inquiring. It is ubhayapada.
मुच् muc	6U	To release, to free, to abandon	मुञ्चति / मुञ्चते muñcati / muñcate	मुक्त mukta	Signifies setting free or letting go. It is ubhayapada.
मुद् mud	1A	To rejoice, to be glad	मोदते modate	मुदित mudita	Expresses joy or happiness.
मुह् muh	4P	To faint, to be bewildered, to be deluded	मुह्यति muhyati	मूढ / मुग्ध mūḍha / mugdha	Describes confusion, unconsciousness, or illusion.
मृ mṛ	6A	To die, to perish	म्रियते mriyate	मृत mṛta	A common verb for cessation of life.
यज् yaj	1U	To sacrifice, to worship	यजति / यजते yajati / yajate	इष्ट iṣṭa	Relates to performing rituals or offerings. It is ubhayapada.
यत् yat	1A	To strive, to endeavor, to try	यतते yatate	यतित yatita	Expresses effort or attempt.
यम् yam	1P	To restrain, to control, to give	यच्छति yacchati	यत yata	A versatile root with meanings of restraint or granting, with a stem change to yacch.
या yā	2P	To go, to proceed, to journey	याति yāti	यात yāta	A common verb of motion, especially for travel.
युज् yuj	7U	To unite, to join, to connect	युनक्ति / युङ्क्ते yunakti / yuṅkte	युक्त yukta	A significant root related to joining, yoga, and proper application. It is ubhayapada.
युध् yudh	4A	To fight, to combat	युध्यते yudhyate	युद्ध yuddha	A common verb for engaging in battle.
रक्ष् rakṣ	1P	To protect, to guard, to preserve	रक्षति rakṣati	रक्षित rakṣita	A fundamental verb for safeguarding or defending.
रच् rac	10U	To arrange, to compose, to create	रचयति / रचयते racayati / racayate	रचित racita	Used for arranging, designing, or literary composition. It is ubhayapada.
रञ्ज् rañj	1U, 4U	To color, to dye, to delight	रञ्जति / रञ्जते (4U: रञ्जयति / रञ्जयते) rañjati / rañjate (4U: rañjayati / rañjayate)	रक्त rakta	Relates to coloring or making something attractive/pleasing. It is ubhayapada.
रभ् rabh	1A	To begin, to undertake, to seize	रभते rabhate	रब्ध rabdha	Used for initiating an action or taking hold.
रम् ram	1A	To revel, to enjoy, to delight in	रमते ramate	रत rata	Expresses finding joy or pleasure in something.
रुच् ruc	1A	To shine, to be pleasing, to like	रोचते rocate	रुचित rucira	Describes something shining or being agreeable/liked.
रुद् rud	2P	To cry, to weep	रोदिति roditi	रुदित rudita	A common verb for expressing sadness through crying.
रुध् rudh	7U	To obstruct, to block, to hinder	रुणद्धि / रुन्द्धे ruṇaddhi / runddhe	रुद्ध ruddha	Used for impeding progress or creating a barrier. It is ubhayapada.
रुह् ruh	1P	To grow, to ascend, to climb	रोहति rohati	रूढ rūḍha	Signifies upward movement or development.
लम् labh	1A	To get, to obtain, to gain	लभते labhate	लब्ध labdha	A very common verb for acquiring or receiving something.
लम्ब् lamb	1A	To hang, to depend on	लम्बते lambate	लम्बित lambita	Describes something suspended or reliant on another.
लिख् likh	6P	To write, to scratch	लिखति likhati	लिखित likhita	A straightforward verb for the act of writing.
लिप् lip	6U	To anoint, to smear, to attach	लिम्पति / लिम्पते limpati / limpate	लिप्त lipta	Used for applying a coating or becoming attached. It is ubhayapada.
ली lī	1P, 4A	To melt, to cling, to dissolve	लयति / लीयते layati / līyate	लीन līna	Signifies dissolving, merging, or adhering.
लुप् lup	6U	To break, to cut, to disappear	लुम्पति / लुम्पते lumpati / lumpate	लुप्त lupta	Used for destruction or becoming hidden. It is ubhayapada.
लुभ् lubh	4P	To desire, to covet, to be greedy	लुभ्यति lubhyati	लुब्ध lubdha	Expresses strong longing or avarice.
लोक् lok	1A	To see, to perceive	लोकते lokate	लोकित lokita	A less common synonym for dṛś or īkṣ.
वच् vac	2P	To speak, to say	वक्ति vakti	उक्त ukta	A fundamental verb for communication, with an irregular past participle.
वद् vad	1P	To speak, to say, to tell	वदति vadati	उदित udita	Another common verb for speaking.
वन्द् vand	1A	To adore, to salute, to praise	वन्दते vandate	वन्दित vandita	Used for showing reverence or worship.
वस् vas	1P	To dwell, to reside, to live	वसति vasati	उषित uṣita	A basic verb for habitation or living.
वस् vas	2A	To wear, to put on (clothes)	वस्ते vaste	वसित vasita	Used for clothing oneself.
वह् vah	1U	To carry, to bear, to flow	वहति / वहते vahati / vahate	ऊढ ūḍha	A versatile verb for conveying, enduring, or liquid movement. It is ubhayapada.
वा vā	2P	To blow (wind)	वाति vāti	वात vāta	Used specifically for the action of wind blowing.
विद् vid	2P	To know, to understand	वेत्ति vetti	विदित vidita	A root for knowledge, often conjugated irregularly.
विद् vid	4A	To be, to exist, to be found	विद्यते vidyate	वित्त vitta	Expresses existence or presence.
विद् vid	6U	To find, to obtain	विन्दति / विन्दते vindati / vindate	वित्त vitta	Relates to discovering or acquiring something. It is ubhayapada.
विश् viś	6P	To enter	विशति viśati	विष्ट viṣṭa	A common verb for going into something.
वृ vṛ	5U	To choose, to cover	वृणोति / वृणुते vṛṇoti / vṛṇute	वृत vṛta	Signifies selecting or enveloping. It is ubhayapada.
वृत् vṛt	1A	To be, to happen, to exist, to turn	वर्तते vartate	वृत्त vṛtta	A common verb for being, occurring, or rotating.
वृध् vṛdh	1A	To grow, to increase, to prosper	वर्धते vardhate	वृद्ध vṛddha	Signifies development or thriving.
व्रज् vraj	1P	To go, to walk	व्रजति vrajati	व्रजित vrajita	Another verb for movement, often implying a journey.
शंस् śaṁs	1P	To praise, to commend, to declare	शंसति śaṁsati	शस्त śasta	Used for extolling virtues or making a solemn declaration.
शक् śak	5P	To be able, to be capable	शक्नोति śaknoti	शक्त śakta	A key modal verb expressing ability or possibility.
शङ्क् śaṅk	1A	To doubt, to fear	शङ्कते śaṅkate	शङ्कित śaṅkita	Expresses hesitation or apprehension.
शप् śap	1U, 4U	To curse, to swear	शपति / शपते / शप्यति / शप्यते śapati / śapate / śapyati / śapyate	शप्त śapta	Used for uttering curses or taking an oath. It is ubhayapada.
शम् śam	4P	To be quiet, to be calm, to cease	शाम्यति śāmyati	शान्त śānta	Signifies peacefulness, tranquility, or cessation.
शास् śās	2P	To teach, to instruct, to rule	शास्ति śāsti	शिष्ट śiṣṭa	A root for imparting knowledge or governing.
शी śī	2A	To lie down, to sleep	शेते śete	शयित śayita	A common verb for resting or sleeping.
शुच् śuc	1P	To grieve, to sorrow, to lament	शोचति śocati	शुचित śucita	Expresses emotional distress.
श्रि śri	1U	To resort to, to depend on, to serve	श्रयति / श्रयते śrayati / śrayate	श्रित śrita	Signifies relying on or taking refuge in. It is ubhayapada.
श्रु śru	5P	To hear, to listen	शृणोति śṛṇoti	श्रुत śruta	A fundamental verb for auditory perception.
सञ्ज् sañj	1P	To cling, to attach oneself, to adhere	सजति sajati	सक्त sakta	Used for being attached or sticking to something.
सद् sad	1P	To sit, to sink, to become weary	सीदति sīdati	सन्न sanna	This root has a stem change to sīd in the present tense.
सह् sah	1A	To endure, to bear, to tolerate	सहते sahate	सोढ soḍha	A common verb for patience or bearing hardship.
साध् sādh	5P	To accomplish, to achieve, to prepare	साध्नोति sādhnoti	साधित sādhita	Signifies bringing something to completion or perfecting it.
सिच् sic	6U	To sprinkle, to moisten	सिञ्चति / सिञ्चते siñcati / siñcate	सिक्त sikta	Used for watering or pouring a liquid. It is ubhayapada.
सिध् sidh	4P	To be accomplished, to succeed	सिध्यति sidhyati	सिद्ध siddha	Signifies achieving success or being perfected.
सृ sṛ	1P	To go, to move, to flow	सरति sarati	सृत sṛta	Another verb of motion, often for flowing or gliding.
सृज् sṛj	6P	To create, to emit, to abandon	सृजति sṛjati	सृष्ट sṛṣṭa	A significant root for creation or emission.
सेव् sev	1A	To serve, to attend upon, to enjoy	सेवते sevate	सेवित sevita	A common verb for rendering service or experiencing pleasure.
स्तु stu	2U	To praise, to eulogize	स्तौति / स्तुते stauti / stute	स्तुत stuta	Used for expressing commendation or worship. It is ubhayapada.
स्था sthā	1P	To stand, to stay, to exist	तिष्ठति tiṣṭhati	स्थित sthita	A very common verb for being in a standing position or remaining somewhere, with a stem change to tiṣṭh.
स्निह् snih	4P	To love, to be affectionate, to stick	स्निह्यति snihyati	स्निग्ध snigdha	Expresses affection or adherence.
स्पृश् spṛś	6P	To touch	स्पृशति spṛśati	स्पृष्ट spṛṣṭa	A direct verb for making physical contact.
स्मृ smṛ	1P	To remember, to recall	स्मरति smarati	स्मृत smṛta	A common verb for recollection.
स्रु sru	1P	To flow, to drip	स्रवति sravati	सुत suta	Describes liquids moving continuously.
स्वप् svap	2P	To sleep	स्वपिति svapiti	सुप्त supta	A basic verb for the act of sleeping.
हन् han	2P	To kill, to strike, to destroy	हन्ति hanti	हत hata	A powerful verb for striking or causing destruction.
हस् has	1P	To laugh	हसति hasati	हसित hasita	A straightforward verb for expressing laughter.
हा hā	3P	To abandon, to leave, to give up	जहाति jahāti	हीन hīna	A reduplicated root for forsaking or losing.
हु hu	3P	To sacrifice, to offer into fire	जुहोति juhoti	हुत huta	A reduplicated root central to Vedic rituals.
हृ hṛ	1U	To take, to carry, to steal	हरति / हरते harati / harate	हृत hṛta	A very common and versatile verb for various forms of taking or removing. It is ubhayapada.

This list covers the primary meanings and forms of the roots provided in your document. Remember that many roots can have multiple meanings and complex derivations across different tenses and moods. This table focuses on the present tense (लट् लकारः) 3rd person singular and the past passive participle as a foundational reference.

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संक्षिप्त-धातु-कोषः (Simplified Dhatu Kosha)

संक्षिप्त-धातु-कोषः (Simplified Dhatu Kosha)