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Adjectives in Sanskrit - A Quick Guide | Learn Sanskrit

 

Adjectives

  1. मधुरः श्लोकः| मधुरा कथा| मधुरं गीतम्|
  2. शुभ्रः हंसः| शुभ्रा माला| शुभ्रं पुष्पम्|
  3. विशालः देशः| विशाला पाठशाला| विशालं नगरम्|
 
  • Adjective tells something more about the noun
  • Adjective – विशेषण and noun – विशेष्य
  • श्लोकः, हंसः, देशः are masculine nouns
  • कथा, माला, पाठशाला are feminine nouns
  • मधुरम्, शुभ्रम्. नगरम् are neuter nouns
  • Adjectives change according to the gender of the respective nouns
 
Gender of adjective = Gender of noun
 
Number of adjective = Number of noun
GenderSingular DualPlural
Masculineश्वेतः अश्वःश्वेतौ अश्वौश्वेताः अश्वाः
Feminineचतुरा बालाचतुरे बालेचतुराः बालाः
Neuterनीलं कमलम्नीले कमलेनीलानि कमलानि
Case of adjective = Case of noun
नीलः कण्ठःNom Sing
नीलं कण्ठंAccu Sing
नीलेन कण्ठेनIns Sing
नीलाय कण्ठायDat Sing
नीलात् कण्ठात्Abl Sing
नीलस्य कण्ठस्यGen Sing
नीले कण्ठेLoc Sing

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Tables for reference
Masculine
Masculine adjective table in Sanskrit
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Feminine
feminine table of adjective in Sanskrit
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Neuter
Neuter table of adjective in Sanskrit  
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Few examples –
  1. प्रिये भारतदेशे| (Loc Sing)
  2. श्वेतस्य हंसस्य| (Gen Sing)
  3. कृष्णाः पेटिकाः| (Nom/Acc Plu)
  4. शीतलं चन्दनम्| (Nom/Acc Sing)
  5. पाटलाय पुष्पाय| (Dat Sing)

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Learn Sanskrit - Adjectives in Sanskrit

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