User login

Log in with social media - OR - Fill in the form below

User login

Complete Guide for Imperative Mood | Learn Sanskrit

 

Types Of Moods with definition:



 

Imperative Mood - AP roots

 आत्मनेपदी endings of Imperative mood
SingularDualPluralPerson
आवहैआमहै1st
स्वइथाम्ध्वम्2nd
ताम्इताम्अन्ताम्3rd
 
Imperative mood = Root + विकरणप्रत्यय + endings of person
भाष् (1 AP) – to speak
भाष् + अ + ताम् = भाषताम्
भाष् + अ + इताम् = भाषेताम्
भाष् + अ + अन्ताम् = भाषन्ताम् (single अ)
भाष् + अ + स्व = भाषस्व
भाष् + अ + इथाम्  = भाषेथाम्
भाष् + अ + ध्वम् = भाषध्वम्
भाष् + अ + = भाषै
भाष् + अ + आवहै = भाषावहै
भाष् + अ + आमहै = भाषामहै
(अ changes to when followed by endings beginning with व्, म् )
 
 सेव् (1 AP) – to serve
SingularDualPluralPerson
सेवैसेवावहैसेवामहै1st
सेवस्वसेवेथाम्सेवध्वम्2nd
सेवताम्सेवेताम्सेवन्ताम्3rd
 
Similarly, रम् (to enjoy), राज् (to govern/glow), लभ् (to obtain) etc. will be declined

मन् (4 AP) – to accept/believe

SingularDualPluralPerson
मन्यैमन्यावहैमन्यामहै1st
मन्यस्वमन्येथाम्मन्यध्वम्2nd
मन्यताम्मन्येताम्मन्यन्ताम्3rd
 
Similarly, खिद् (to feel tired), युध् (to fight), etc will be declined
 

मुच्-मुञ्च् (6 AP) – to liberate

SingularDualPluralPerson
मुञ्चैमुञ्चावहैमुञ्चामहै1st
मुञ्चस्वमुञ्चेथाम्मुञ्चध्वम्2nd
मुञ्चताम्मुञ्चेताम्मुञ्चन्ताम्3rd
 
Similarly, मिल् (to meet), कृष् (to plough), etc will be declined
 
पूज् (10 AP) – to worship
SingularDualPluralPerson
पूजयैपूजयावहैपूजयामहै1st
पूजयस्वपूजयेथाम्पूजयध्वम्2nd
पूजयताम्पूजयेताम्पूजयन्ताम्3rd
 
Similarly, मन्त्र् (to council/discuss), चिन्त् (to think), रच् (to arrange) etc will be declined
Some roots of the 10th group are उभयपदी because PP endings as well as AP endings can be attached to the root like पूज् (to worship), कथ् (to tell), रच् (to arrange), चिन्त् (to think) etc

 

Subjects for verbs

SingularDualPluralPerson
अहं
पठानि/भाषै
आवां पठाव/भाषावहैवयं पठाम/भाषामहै1st
त्वं
पठ/भाषस्व
युवां
पठतम्/भाषेथाम्
यूयं
पठत/भाषध्वम्
2nd
सः/सा/तत् पठतु/भाषताम्
 
तौ/ते/ते पठताम्/भाषेताम्
 
ते/ताः/तानि पठन्तु/भाषन्ताम्3rd
  • Imperative forms have sense of order
  • First person - this sense of order is not possible
  • We do not give orders to ourselves!
  • So, it has a sense of compulsion – Should be done
  • Second person – only have sense of order, not of compulsion
  • Third person rarely used, only in the case of भवान्(M)/भवती(F)
  • भवान्(M)/भवती(F) are pronouns used in Sanskrit with the sense of respect
 
Singularभवान्/भवती (You)पठतु/भाषताम्
Dualभवन्तौ/भवत्यौ (You both)पठताम्/भाषेताम्
Pluralभवन्तः/भवत्यः
(You all)
पठन्तु/भाषन्ताम्

Get Free Sanskrit Learning Videos on Email!

 
 

Imperative Mood - PP roots

 

 
  • Formula for making a root = Roots + विकरण प्रत्यय + endings of a person
  • Some forms are not indicative of tense
  • They do not represent any action
  • They suggest us some intention which is in our mind
  • Sometimes it is an order, suggestion, duty, request, wish etc
  • In Sanskrit grammar, it is called as mood = अर्थ
  • आज्ञार्थ / लोट् and विध्यर्थ / विधिलिङ्ग are technical terms
 
  • Order/demand/blessings/request - Imperative mood
  • Wish/possibility/capability – Potential mood
 
Class 1 – अClass 6 – अ
Class 4 – यClass 10 – अय

Imperative mood = Root + विकरणप्रत्यय + endings of person
 

परस्मैपदी endings of Imperative mood

SingularDualPluralPerson
आनिआवआम1st
-तम्2nd
तुताम्अन्तु3rd
 
पठ् (1 PP) – to read/study
पठ् + अ + तु = पठतु
पठ् + अ + ताम् = पठताम्
पठ् + अ + अन्तु = पठन्तु (single अ)
पठ् + अ + - = पठ
पठ् + अ + तम् = पठतम्
पठ् + अ + = पठत
पठ् + अ + आनि = पठानि
पठ् + अ + आव = पठाव
पठ् + अ + आम = पठाम
(अ changes to when followed by endings beginning with व्, म् )
 

वद् (1 PP) – to speak

SingularDualPluralPerson
वदानिवदाववदाम1st
वदवदतम्वदत2nd
वदतुवदताम्वदन्तु3rd
 
Similarly, चल् (to walk), धाव् (to run), हस् (to smile/laugh) etc. will be declined

नृत् (4 PP) – to dance

SingularDualPluralPerson
नृत्यानिनृत्यावनृत्याम1st
नृत्यनृत्यतम्नृत्यत2nd
नृत्यतुनृत्यताम्नृत्यन्तु3rd
 
Similarly, सिध् (to originate/arise), नश् (to perish), etc. will be declined
 

लिख् (6 PP) – to write

SingularDualPluralPerson
लिखानिलिखावलिखाम1st
लिखलिखतम्लिखत2nd
लिखतुलिखताम्लिखन्तु3rd
 
Similarly, विश् (to enter), दिश् (to show), etc. will be declined
 

पूज् (10 PP) – to worship

SingularDualPluralPerson
पूजयानिपूजयावपूजयाम1st
पूजयपूजयतम्पूजयत2nd
पूजयतुपूजयताम्पूजयन्तु3rd
 
Similarly, मन्त्र् (to council/discuss), चिन्त् (to think), रच् (to arrange) etc. will be decline

Download this page as PDF

Learn Sanskrit -Imperative mood AP Root

Learn Sanskrit -Imperative mood PP Root

Recommended for You

Reviews

Dr. Subasri  R's picture

how do we make sentences such as : LET ME READ THE BOOK, LET HER BE QUEEN  in sanskrit
Do we use imperative here? if so how?